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Environmental and Engineering Geoscience; November 2005; v. 11; no. 4; p. 383-393; DOI: 10.2113/11.4.383
© 2005 Association of Engineering Geologists
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Tracers as Tools for Design and Evaluation of Injection-Based In Situ Groundwater Remediation Systems

DENICE K. NELSON1 and CRAIG E. DIVINE2

1 ARCADIS G&M, 430 First Avenue North, Suite 720, Minneapolis, MN 55401
2 ARCADIS G&M, 630 Plaza Drive, Suite 200, Highlands Ranch, CO 80129

In situ treatment of contaminants by the direct injection of a reagent solution into the subsurface is an emerging remedial strategy. Three case studies are presented where tracers were used to evaluate various design and operational components at sites treating contaminants in situ. Tracers were used to determine site-specific design parameters including groundwater velocity, effective radius of injected fluids, and required frequency of injections. Additionally, tracers were used to verify hydraulic connectivity between the injection field and down-gradient observation wells, provide information on hydrogeology and solute-transport behavior (i.e., permeability differences, preferential channeling, and fractured flow) within the targeted treatment areas, and in two instances, used in conjunction with reagent delivery for determination of decay half-life coefficients. These case studies demonstrate that tracers can be used as practical tools to aid in designing full-scale systems and evaluating operation and long-term performance of in situ treatment strategies.

Key Words: Groundwater Tracers • Hazardous Waste • Remediation System Design • Hydrogeology • Environmental Geology






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